Work Dimensions and Work Efficiency Among Environment and Natural Resources Employees: Basis for a Proposed Policy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55687/ste.v4i2.178Abstract
This study examined the perceptions of employees and supervisors regarding multiple work designations and their impact on work efficiency within the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in Isabela Province. Specifically, it aimed to assess the relationship between work efficiency and key workplace factors, including workload, time management, job satisfaction, stress management, and organizational support. The study also sought to identify the challenges encountered by employees with multiple designations and to propose appropriate policy interventions. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed, involving 126 employees and 15 supervisors from various offices, including CENRO Cauayan City, CENRO Cabagan, CENRO San Isidro, CENRO Naguilian, and the PENR Sub-Office in Roxas. Data were gathered using a structured survey based on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed through both descriptive statistics and inferential tests, specifically the Mann–Whitney U and Kendall’s Tau-b. Findings revealed that both employees and supervisors expressed favorable perceptions of multiple work designations in relation to workload, time management, and organizational support. However, negative perceptions were noted regarding job satisfaction and stress management. Despite these concerns, work efficiency among employees remained high, with significant positive correlations observed between efficiency and the factors of workload, time management, and organizational support. In contrast, job satisfaction and stress management exhibited weak or negative correlations with efficiency. Role ambiguity, heightened stress levels, and reduced performance emerged as prominent challenges. In response, the study proposes a policy framework aimed at supporting employees with multiple designations to promote sustained efficiency and well-being.
References
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands–Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Bond, F. W., Flaxman, P. E., & Bunce, D. (2014). The influence of psychological flexibility on work performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(5), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1895
Boudreau, J. W., & Ramaswamy, K. (2019). Building and managing the value of human capital. Human Resource Management, 58(2), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21957
Cañete, M. D., & Gundayao, M. A. (2021). Workload, job satisfaction, and stress among public health workers: A study in the Philippines. Journal of Public Health, 29(1), 45-60.
Chen, X., & Cheng, Y. (2018). Work-life conflict in the era of multiple work designations: Challenges and strategies. Work & Family Journal, 6(1), 55–72.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P. J., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2018). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Sage Publications.
Covey, S. R. (1994). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Free Press.
De Ocampo, R. (2019). Time management practices and productivity in public service institutions. Journal of Public Administration, 11(2), 45-59.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived organizational support: Contributions to perceived supervisor support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565
Firma, L., et al. (2023). Assessing workload and employee productivity: A framework for work design. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 28(3), 223-238.
Gallup. (2017). State of the global workplace: Employee engagement insights for business leaders worldwide. Gallup, Inc.
Guillemette, P. (2023). The significance of designations in corporate structures. Business Strategy Journal, 15(4), 112–130.
Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 46(1), 53–62.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Huang, Y., & Chen, W. (2018). Learning by doing: Implications for employee performance in multi-role contexts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(7), 861-873. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2271
Irikefe, A. S. (2017). Time management as a key to work efficiency in multi-role environments. Journal of Business Research, 45(4), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.01.032
Jayamaran, R. (2011). Effective time management strategies in the workplace. International Journal of Business & Management, 9(5), 78-88.
Kim, H. J., & Kim, J. Y. (2019). The impact of multi-role assignments on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 12(2), 98–110.
Kim, Y., & Lee, S. (2019). Multi-role engagements and their impact on employee innovation and satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 8(3), 65–79.
Kumar, S., & Kaur, A. (2015). Perceived organizational support and employee outcomes: Mediating role of organizational commitment. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(2), 187-200.
LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764-775. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.18803921
Magnus, S., Liu, X., & Thompson, R. (2014). Personality traits and multitasking performance: Exploring the relationship. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 21(2), 120–135.
Merlin Company. (n.d.). Job satisfaction scale. North Haven, CT, USA.
Pan, P., & Sun, M. (2018). Stress and its influence on work performance: A study among employees with multiple job designations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000104
Parker, S. K., & Martin, A. (2019). Managing multiple roles and work efficiency: Strategies for employees and employers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(6), 738-756. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2424
Peeters, M. C., & Rutte, C. G. (2005). Time management and work performance: The role of time-related stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.351
Riyadi, S. (2018). Organizational support and employee well-being: A structural model. Journal of Business and Organizational Psychology, 30(1), 112-130.
Robson, E. (2021). Embracing complexity: The role of multitasking in employee development. Human Capital Trends, 18(1), 44–59.
Serna, M., Dela Cruz, R., & Javier, A. (2017). Multi-role stress and adaptive capacities of public employees. Philippine Social Science Journal, 10(2), 110–126.
Syaifuddin, M. (2016). The role of stress management in mitigating performance issues in multi-role employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(12), 2512-2530. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1139874
Tang, M., & Vandenberghe, C. (2020). Job satisfaction and employee performance: A case study in the public sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116, 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103312
Tarun, V. (2023). Work efficiency and performance in contemporary work settings. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(4), 350-367.
Valderama, A. L., & Salvador, C. P. (2019). The influence of workload on job satisfaction and efficiency of government employees. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 529–538.
Zhang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The impact of personality and coping mechanisms on work efficiency in employees with multiple roles. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 30(2), 178-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2479
Zhang, Y., Qu, H., & Tang, C. (2018). The impact of work-life balance on job performance and satisfaction in public sector employees. Public Personnel Management, 47(3), 321–336.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Technology and Education

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
License Terms
All articles published in Studies in Technology and Education (STE) are freely accessible under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This license grants users the right to read, download, copy, distribute, and link to the full texts for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given and that the original work remains unaltered and unchanged.
This article is made available in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.