SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKING AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55687/ste.v3i3.101Keywords:
Digital Literacy, Junior High School Students, Psychological Support, Self-esteem, Social NetworkingAbstract
In the digital era, the influence of social networking on junior high school students is a matter of growing interest and concern. This study aimed to investigate the extent of social networking and its relationship with self-esteem among junior high school students in Cordon, Isabela, for the School Year 2023-2024. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, gathering data from 359 students using the Social Networking Usage Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results revealed extensive social networking usage for various purposes, highlighting its role in communication, information sharing, and academic collaboration. Additionally, the study unveiled nuanced levels of self-esteem among respondents, with both positive and negative self-evaluations present. Correlational analysis showed diverse associations between social networking behaviors and dimensions of self-esteem, emphasizing the complex interplay between online activities and self-perception. These findings underscore the need for holistic approaches integrating digital literacy, psychological support, and social-emotional learning to promote positive self-esteem and well-being among students navigating the digital landscape. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of social networking dynamics and their implications for adolescent development and education. By addressing these issues, educators, parents, and policymakers can develop informed strategies to support students in cultivating a healthy relationship with social media while fostering their overall well-being and academic success.
References
Abbas, J., Aqeel, M., Abbas, J., Shaher, B. A., Sundas, J., & Zhang, W. (2019). The moderating role of social support for marital adjustment, depression, anxiety, and stress: Evidence from Pakistani working and nonworking women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.071
Alejandria, M., Casimiro, K., Gibe, J., Fernandez, N., Tumaneng, D., Sandoval, E., Hernandez, P., Quan-Nalus, M., Alipao, F., & Alejandria, M. (2022). Attaining well-being beyond the home: A socio-cultural framing of mental health among university students in the Philippines. Health Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00178969221141547
Al-Maatouk, Q. (2020). Applying communication theory to structure and evaluate the social media platforms in academia. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/92922020
Alessandri, G., & Vecchione, M. (2023). Dynamic self-esteem: Assessment, correlates and predictors. Identity, 23, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2022.2163092
American Psychological Association. (2023, May 10). Health advisory on social media use in adolescence. https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use
Asamoah, M. (2018). The two-sided coin of online social media: Eradicating the negatives and augmenting the positives. International Journal of Ethics Education, 4, 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40889-018-0062-6
Australian Christian College. (2023, September 25). Social media and low self-esteem. https://www.acc.edu.au/blog/social-media-low-self-esteem/
Babaran, N. (2022). The effects of social media networking on student academic performances: An investigatory study. Journal for Educators, Teachers, and Trainers, 13(1), 343–352.
Bekalu, M., McCloud, R., & Viswanath, K. (2019). Association of social media use with social well-being, positive mental health, and self-rated health: Disentangling routine use from emotional connection to use. Health Education & Behavior, 46, 69S–80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863768
Bhandari, R., & Bansal, A. (2018). A comparison of psychological and socio-economic factors affecting individual user’s social media behaviour. FIIB Business Review, 7, 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319714518789759
Carr, E. R. (2020). Adolescents’ perception of social support from their parents and teachers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 747–756.
Canada.ca. (2022, January 4). Mental health and problematic social media use in Canadian adolescents. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/mental-health-problematic-social-media-use-canadian-adolescents.html
Child Mind Institute. (2023, October 30). Does social media use cause depression? https://childmind.org/article/is-social-media-use-causing-depression/
Deegan, A., & Dunne, S. (2022). An investigation into the relationship between social support, stress, and psychological well-being in farmers. Journal of Community Psychology, 50, 3054–3069. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22814
Deol, Y., & Lashai, M. (2022). Impact of cyberbullying on adolescent mental health in the midst of the pandemic—Hidden crisis. European Psychiatry, 65, S432–S432. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1096
Department of Education. (2021, July 27). DepEd conducts media and information literacy webinars for youth leaders. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2021/07/27/deped-conducts-media-and-information-literacy-webinar-for-youth-leaders/
Dopico-Casal, C., Montes, C., Fraga, I., Vieitez, L., Padrón, I., & Romero, E. (2022). So far but yet so near: Examining the buffering effect of perceived social support on the psychological impact of Spanish lockdown. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22966
Elias, M. J., Randall, P. E., Kliewer, W., & Hawkins, T. N. (2015). Adolescents’ civic engagement and social support as moderators of political development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 264–276.
Fu, X., Liu, J., Liu, R., Ding, Y., Wang, J., Zhen, R., & Jin, F. (2020). Parental monitoring and adolescent problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of escape motivation and the moderating role of shyness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051487
Fritz, M., Margolis, S., Radošić, N., Revord, J., Kellerman, G., Nieminen, L., Reece, A., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2023). Examining the social in the prosocial: Episode-level features of social interactions and kind acts predict social connection and well-being. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001232
Gupta, S., & Bashir, L. (2018). Social networking usage questionnaire: Development and validation in an Indian higher education context. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), 214–227.
Harada, K., Sugisawa, H., Sugihara, Y., Yanagisawa, S., & Shimmei, M. (2018). Social support, negative interactions, and mental health: Evidence of cross-domain buffering effects among older adults in Japan. Research on Aging, 40, 388–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027517701446
Harandi, T. F., Taghinasab, M. M., & Nayeri, T. D. (2017). The correlation of social support with mental health: A meta-analysis. Electronic Physician, 9(9), 5212–5222. https://doi.org/10.19082/5212
HelpGuide.org. (2023, March 29). Social media and mental health. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-health/social-media-and-mental-health.htm
Hoover, S., & Bostic, J. (2020). Schools as a vital component of the child and adolescent mental health system. Psychiatric Services. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900575
Johnson-Esparza, Y., Espinosa, P., Verney, S., Boursaw, B., & Smith, B. (2021). Social support protects against symptoms of anxiety and depression: Key variations in Latinx and non-Latinx White college students. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 9(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000184
Lee, M., Coutts, R., Fielden, J., Hutchinson, M., Lakeman, R., Mathisen, B., Nasrawi, D., & Phillips, N. (2021). Occupational stress in university academics in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 44, 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2021.1934246
Li, B., Sickles, R., & Williams, J. (2020). Estimating peer effects on career choice: A spatial multinomial logit approach. Research in Labor Economics, 41, 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-905320200000041013
Limone, P., & Toto, G. (2022). Factors that predispose undergraduates to mental issues: A cumulative literature review for future research perspectives. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 831349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.831349
Liu, S., Shen, X., & Heid, M. (2021). Perceived parent, teacher, and peer support and subtypes of stress coping strategies among Chinese high school students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 626730.
Lopes, L., Chaves, B., Fabrício, A., Porto, A., Almeida, D., Obregon, S., Lima, M., Silva, W., Camargo, M., Veiga, C., Moura, G., Silva, L., & Costa, V. (2020). Analysis of well-being and anxiety among university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113874
Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation.
Lyngdoh, M., Akoijam, B., Agui, R., & Singh, K. (2019). Diet, physical activity, and screen time among school students in Manipur. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 44, 134–137. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_282_18
Machimbarrena, J., Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., Álvarez-Bardón, A., Álvarez-Fernández, L., & González-Cabrera, J. (2018). Internet risks: An overview of victimization in cyberbullying, cyber dating abuse, sexting, online grooming and problematic internet use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112471
Malik, U., Kaur, H., & Chaudhary, A. (2021). Tweet retrieval and analyzing the trends. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b6102.0710221
Marmarosh, C. L., & Dziadosz, G. M. (2015). Social support, demographics, and mental health service utilization among survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(18), 3164–3193.
Mei, S., Meng, C., Hu, Y., Guo, X., Lv, J., Qin, Z., Liang, L., Li, C., Fei, J., Cao, R., & Hu, Y. (2022). Relationships between depressive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity and social support of employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-lag study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 742381. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.742381
Mulyadi, P., & Saraswati, K. (2020). Social support and students’ academic engagement. In Proceedings of the 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.068
Ng, D. H., Jeffery, D. B., & Raza, G. (2019). Supportive relationships, school connectedness, and subjective well-being of immigrant adolescents in Canada. Social Indicators Research, 144(1), 337–357.
Newport Academy. (2022, July 14). Effects of social media on teenagers. https://www.newportacademy.com/resources/well-being/effect-of-social-media-on-teenagers/
O’Conor, R., Opsasnick, L., Pack, A., Benavente, J., Curtis, L., Lovett, R., Luu, H., Wismer, G., Kwasny, M., Federman, A., Bailey, S., & Wolf, M. (2021). Perceived adequacy of tangible support during stay-at-home orders in Chicago and New York. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211024411
Ostic, D., Qalati, S., Barbosa, B., Shah, S., Vela, E., Herzallah, A., & Liu, F. (2021). Effects of social media use on psychological well-being: A mediated model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678766
Paramarta, V., Jihad, M., Dharma, A., Hapsari, I., Sandhyaduhita, P., & Hidayanto, A. (2018). Impact of user awareness, trust, and privacy concerns on sharing personal information on social media: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 271–276). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS.2018.8618220
Prang, K., Newnam, S., & Berecki-Gisolf, J. (2018). “That’s what you do for people you love”: A qualitative study of social support and recovery from a musculoskeletal injury. PLOS ONE, 13(4), Article e0196337. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196337
Purnama, S., Ulfah, M., Machali, I., Wibowo, A., & Narmaditya, B. (2021). Does digital literacy influence students’ online risk? Evidence from COVID-19. Heliyon, 7, Article e07406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07406
Ramón-Arbués, E., Gea-Caballero, V., Granada-López, J. M., Juárez-Vela, R., Pellicer-García, B., & Antón-Solanas, I. (2020). The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), Article 7001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197001
Ramos, J. R. (2018). Critical thinking skills among senior high school students and its effect on their academic performance. International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(2), 60–72.
RAND Corporation. (n.d.). Social support survey instrument. https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/social-support/survey-instrument.html
Rathi, U., DanielJohnK, J., & Jose, J. (2020). Exploring the relationship between social media usage and academic performances, 8. https://doi.org/10.25215/0804.133
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
Saqib, M., & Zarine, R. (2023). Exploring the relationship between social media knowledge platforms (SMKP) using smart devices and the impact on student’s academic performances. SHS Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315607004
Sarmad, R., Kayani, S., & Sohail, M. M. (2018). Social support as a moderator between psychological distress and academic achievement among Pakistani adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(2), 425–447.
Seibel, B., Silva, B., Fontanari, A., Catelan, R., Bercht, A., Stucky, J., DeSousa, D., Cerqueira-Santos, E., Nardi, H., Koller, S., & Costa, A. (2018). The impact of parental support on risk factors in the process of gender affirmation of transgender and gender diverse people. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00399
Shensa, A., Sidani, J., Escobar-Viera, C., Switzer, G., Primack, B., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2020). Emotional support from social media and face-to-face relationships: Associations with depression risk among young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.092
Simplilearn. (2023, October 11). Social media: Advantages and disadvantages. https://www.simplilearn.com/real-impact-social-media-article
Sonowal, A., Idupulapati, A., Booravilli, D., Parimi, P., & Rout, R. (2020). An improved model for dynamic opinion updates in online social networks. In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (CICT) (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/CICT51604.2020.9312115
Sopian, A., Nandiyanto, A., Kurniawan, T., & Bilad, M. (2021). The influence use of social media on the learning motivation of junior high school students. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijomr.v2i1.38662
Sprout Social. (2023, September 6). 15 ways to use social media for education. https://sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-for-education/
Statistique Canada. (2022, December 21). Adolescent social media use and its association with relationships and connections: Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, 2017/2018. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2022012/article/00002-eng.htm
Suryantari, H., & Priyana, J. (2018). Exploring ways of using Facebook and Instagram in teaching English. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccsr-18.2018.66
Throuvala, M., Griffiths, M., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. (2019). A “control model” of social media engagement in adolescence: A grounded theory analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234696
UNESCO. (2023, November 22). Unit 4: Communication on digital platforms of social media. https://www.unesco.org/mil4teachers/en/module7/unit4
Williams, E., Dingle, G., Calligeros, R., Sharman, L., & Jetten, J. (2020). Enhancing mental health recovery by joining arts-based groups: A role for the social cure approach. Arts & Health, 12, 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2019.1624584
World Health Organization. (2019). Social media: Hope or hype? https://www.who.int/initiatives/eios/global-technical-meeting-2019/presentations/social-media-hope-or-hype
Zheng, X., Wang, Z., Chen, H., & Xie, F. (2021). The relationship between self-esteem and internet altruistic behavior: The mediating effect of online social support and its gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110588
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Studies in Technology and Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
License Terms
All articles published in Studies in Technology and Education (STE) are freely accessible under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This license grants users the right to read, download, copy, distribute, and link to the full texts for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given and that the original work remains unaltered and unchanged.
This article is made available in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
