4S Approach: A Pedagogical Intervention to Improve Reading Comprehension

Pagdulog 4S: Isang Interbensiyon sa Paglinang ng Pag-unawa sa Pagbasa

Abstract

Reading comprehension is a fundamental academic skill that students need in order to succeed in their learning. However, many Senior High School students continue to experience difficulties in understanding the texts they read. In response to this concern, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the 4S Approach (Sipi, Suri, Saliksik, and Sanay) as an instructional intervention aimed at improving students’ reading comprehension.

The study employed a quasi-experimental research design, specifically the pretest–posttest non-equivalent group design. The participants consisted of fifty-five (55) Grade 11 students from two sections of Magsaysay National High School in Diffun, Quirino during the school year 2025–2026. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group that received traditional instruction and experimental group that was exposed to the 4S Approach. Data were gathered through pretest and posttest assessments, classroom observations, and document analysis. Statistical tools such as frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, and Cohen’s d were used to analyze the data and determine both the differences and the effect size of the intervention.

The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the level of reading comprehension between the two groups prior to the implementation of the intervention. However, after applying the 4S Approach, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement compared to the control group.

Based on these findings, the study concludes that the 4S Approach is an effective teaching strategy that promotes deeper understanding of texts. It is therefore recommended that this pedagogical intervention be integrated into the teaching of Filipino to further develop students’ critical reading skills and overall academic performance.

Keywords: 4S Approach, reading comprehension, reading intervention, Senior High School, Filipino instruction